Phishing Awareness
Phishing is the most common way people get hacked. Attackers send convincing-looking emails, texts, and calls to trick you into handing over passwords or money. Knowing what to look for is your best defence.
How to spot a phishing email
Phishing emails try to look like they come from trusted organisations — banks, HMRC, Royal Mail, or even your employer. Look for these warning signs.
- Check the sender's actual email address — hover over the name to reveal it. Seeing HMRC in the name field means nothing if the address is a random domain.
- Look for poor spelling, unusual grammar, or an odd tone — though some phishing emails are now very polished.
- Watch for urgency or threats: "Your account will be suspended in 24 hours" is a classic pressure tactic.
- Legitimate organisations rarely ask you to click a link to verify your password or confirm payment details.
- Unexpected attachments — especially .zip, .exe, or Office files asking you to enable macros — are a major red flag.
Check before you click
Before clicking any link in an email or text message, take a moment to verify it's legitimate. A few seconds of caution can prevent significant harm.
- Hover over links (without clicking) to see the real destination URL — does it match the claimed sender?
- When in doubt, go directly to the website by typing the address into your browser rather than clicking the link.
- Never enter your password on a page you reached through an email link — go directly to the site instead.
- SMS phishing (smishing) is common — be especially cautious of delivery notifications asking for payment.
- If a text from your bank asks you to call a number, call the number on the back of your bank card instead.
Protect your accounts against phishing
Even if you click a phishing link by mistake, having the right protections in place can stop attackers from doing serious damage.
- Enable two-factor authentication on your email and banking accounts — a stolen password alone won't be enough to log in.
- Use a password manager — it won't auto-fill your password on a fake website, alerting you that something's wrong.
- Keep your browser and security software up to date — they can warn you about known phishing sites.
- Enable spam filtering in your email — it won't catch everything, but it reduces the volume.
What to do if you've been caught
If you've clicked a link, entered your details, or believe you've been phished, act quickly. The sooner you respond, the less damage is done.
- Change your password immediately for any account where you entered your details.
- If you entered payment card details, contact your bank straight away and ask them to block the card.
- If you entered your email password, change it and review what emails have been sent from your account.
- Check whether two-factor authentication has been disabled on any accounts — re-enable it if so.
- Tell someone close to you — phishing attacks sometimes target contacts from a compromised account.
Report phishing attempts
Reporting phishing helps protect others and can lead to scam websites being taken down faster.
- Forward suspicious emails to the NCSC Suspicious Email Reporting Service: report@phishing.gov.uk.
- Report suspicious texts by forwarding them to 7726 (spells SPAM) — this works on most UK mobile networks.
- Report scam websites to the NCSC at ncsc.gov.uk/section/about-ncsc/report-scam-website.
- Report fraud and attempted fraud to Action Fraud at actionfraud.police.uk or call 0300 123 2040.
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