Recognising and avoiding ransomware
Ransomware is malware that locks up your files and demands payment to unlock them. It sounds frightening, but a few habits make it very unlikely, and a good backup makes it a non-event.
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How it reaches you
Most ransomware arrives one of two ways: a booby-trapped email attachment, or a download from an untrustworthy site. So the browsing and download habits in the other guides are your first line of defence.
Turn on the protection you already have
Windows Security includes a feature called Controlled folder access that stops unknown programs changing your personal files. Find it under Virus & threat protection > Ransomware protection, and switch it on.
The backup that saves the day
If your files are backed up, ransomware loses its power, because you can simply restore them. Keep at least one backup that isn't always connected to your PC, such as an external drive you plug in for backups and then unplug, or a cloud backup. Ransomware can only reach what's connected.
If it happens
Don't pay. Disconnect the PC from the internet, and restore your files from your backup. If you're unsure, the National Cyber Security Centre has clear guidance for individuals at ncsc.gov.uk.
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